Pet Food & Safety

Dog Ate Foxglove: Digitalis Cardiac Glycoside Triage

2 min read Updated Clinically reviewed • Standards
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This guide is general education for pet owners. If your pet has urgent symptoms, possible poisoning, injury, breathing trouble, collapse, severe pain, or sudden decline, contact a licensed veterinarian or local emergency service.

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Dog Ate Foxglove: Digitalis Cardiac Glycoside Triage

Clinical Verdict: EXTREMELY FATAL (All Plant Parts)

Dogs CANNOT consume any part of a Foxglove plant. Foxglove is the natural source of pharmaceutical digitalis (digoxin); ingestion causes severe cardiotoxicity and sudden cardiac arrest.

Toxic Mechanism & Agent

  • Toxic Agent: Digitalis Cardiac Glycosides (Digitoxin, Digoxin, Gitoxin)
  • Mechanism of Action: Inactivates myocardial sodium-potassium ATPase, causing severe intracellular sodium accumulation, calcium overload, extreme vagal stimulation, and fatal ventricular fibrillation.
Flowering spike of toxic Foxglove Digitalis purpurea with crushed tubular blossoms beside clinical toxicology placard
Figure 1: Botanical toxicology exhibit of flowering Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) containing potent cardiac glycosides (digoxin and digitoxin) that inhibit myocardial Na+/K+ ATPase pumps.

Clinical Signs & Timeline

  • Onset Time: Within 45 minutes to 4 hours post ingestion.
  • Primary Symptoms: Vomiting, diarrhea, profound lethargy, severe irregular heart rhythms, high-grade AV block, dilated pupils, collapse, convulsions, sudden death.

Emergency Triage Protocol

IMMEDIATE ER VISIT
Continuous multi-lead ECG monitoring in an ICU. Treatment includes decontamination, IV fluid therapy without calcium, atropine for bradycardia, phenytoin or lidocaine for arrhythmias, and DigiFab antibody fragments.

Veterinary critical care specialist preparing DigiFab antidote vial beside recumbent canine patient on telemetry ECG monitor
Figure 2: Intensive veterinary cardiology ICU intervention with digoxin-specific Fab antibody fragments (DigiFab) and continuous ECG telemetry to reverse lethal ventricular arrhythmias and hyperkalemia.

Strict Rule S1 Warning

NEVER induce vomiting at home using hydrogen peroxide without direct instruction from a DVM. Inappropriate emesis can cause fatal aspiration pneumonia, esophageal chemical burns, or gastric rupture. Always seek professional veterinary diagnosis.

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